Hvad er de germanske sprog? Komplet liste og stamtræ
De germanske sprog omfatter vestgermansk (engelsk, tysk, hollandsk), nordgermansk (dansk, svensk, norsk, islandsk) og uddøde østgermanske sprog som gotisk.
1. West Germanic Languages (Westgermanisch)
English (English): ~1.5 billion speakers globally.
German (Deutsch): ~130 million speakers (Germany, Austria, Switzerland).
Dutch & Flemish (Nederlands / Vlaams): ~25 million speakers (Netherlands, Belgium).
Afrikaans: ~17 million speakers (South Africa, Namibia).
Yiddish (ייִדיש): Ashkenazi Jewish language.
Frisian (Frysk): Closest relative of English.
Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch): National language of Luxembourg.
2. North Germanic / Scandinavian Languages (Nordisk)
Swedish (Svenska): ~10 million speakers.
Danish (Dansk): ~6 million speakers.
Norwegian (Norsk): Bokmål & Nynorsk (~5.5 million speakers).
Icelandic (Íslenska): Old Norse insular preservation (~380,000).
Faroese (Føroyskt): Faroe Islands language (~75,000).
3. East Germanic Languages (Extinct)
Gothic (Gutisko): 4th-century Wulfila Bible.
Crimean Gothic: Spoken until the late 18th century.
Vandalic & Burgundian: Ancient migration era languages.
4. Key Linguistic Rules
Grimm's Law: Sound shift from Proto-Indo-European (p, t, k -> f, th, h).
Ablaut System: Strong/weak verb inflection (sing, sang, sung).